Executive Summery from the report Fuel Cell Technologies and Applications for Deep-Sea Shipping, made by Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping.
"While strategies and forecasts for maritime decarbonization tend to focus on the promise of alternative fuels, decreasing emissions in the near term will rather be driven by technologies that can decrease net fuel consumption. Therefore, it is important to consider technologies which might more efficiently replace today's main power element, the internal combustion engine. To this end, in this report the Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping (MMMCZCS) seeks to share an impartial status update on the potential role for fuel cell technologies in deep-sea shipping."
Hydrogen vs. Heavy Fuel Oil
Energy consumption per trip:
Power 50 MW = 68,000 hp. •Travel time 30 days/trip•Energy/trip = 50 MW * 24 h * 30 days = 36,000 MWh
OPEX H2 $/kg
Solar and Onshore wind 3-4 cent kWh
•Electrolyze efficiency ~75% •Hydrogen cost/kg = 3 cent/kWh * 39.44 kWh/kg / 0.75 = 1.58 $/kg (OPEX)
Numbers of H2 containers per trip (not cooled)
•1 Hydrogen container volume = 50 m3•1 m3 = 3kWh/bar
•Pressure 700 bar
•Numbers of Container = 36,000 MWh / 50 m3 / 3 kWh/bar / 700 bar / 0.7 / 0.95 = 515 containers
•Volume Heavy Fuel Oil ~8000 m3, 515 containers ~ 33000 m3 or 4 times in Volume, or 2 x E-Methanol
•Returning with captured CO2 500-to-4000-ton (1 ton CO2 valued ~ 100 $/ton CO2)
Heavy Fuel Oil cost per trip
•Heavy fuel oil ~ 600 $/mt, 1 toe = 11.63 MWh
•OPEX HFO/trip 36,000 MWh / 11.63 MWh * 600 $/mt ~ 1.8 M $/trip
•Efficiency is not 100%, about 50% = 3.6 M $/trip•
Hydrogen cost per trip
•OPEX Hydrogen/trip 36,000 MWh/33 kWh * 1.58 $ ~ 1.7 M $/trip
•Efficiency for fuel cell and electric conversion ~ 2.6 M $/trip
•OPEX Hydrogen is about 72% of Heavy fuel oil
•Minus OPEX for the captured biogenic CO2 (~2000 tons * ~100 $)•
•DAC-FC is about 2-3 times in CAPEX (price will drop to equal as the production goes up).
•Other alternative green fuels, such as e-methanol, are +twice as expensive as Heavy Fuel Oil. •
All numbers are assumptions, but the potential is clear:
¾ price, green, silent and with CO2 capture
